Khwarezm, administered by the Ma'munids, was under the nominal control of the Samanid Empire. He was reputed to have served in the Khazar army, under whom, the Seljuks migrated to Khwarezm, near the city of Jend, where they converted to Islam in 985. The founder of the Seljuq dynasty was an Oghuz Turkic warlord Seljuk. 1.7 Conquest by Khwarezm and the Ayyubids.The settlement of Turkic tribes in the northwestern peripheral parts of the empire, for the strategic military purpose of fending off invasions from neighboring states, led to the progressive Turkicization of those areas. Highly Persianized in culture and language, the Seljuks also played an important role in the development of the Turko-Persian tradition, even exporting Persian culture to Anatolia. The Seljuks also played an important part in the creation and expansion of multiple art forms during the period in which they had influence. The Seljuk empire united the fractured political landscape of the eastern Islamic world and played a key role in both the First Crusade and Second Crusade. Seljuk gave his name to both the empire and the Seljuk dynasty. The Seljuk empire began to decline in the 1140s, and by 1194 had been supplanted by the Khwarazmian Empire. This was one of the impetuses for the First Crusade (1095–1099). The Seljuks won the battle of Manzikert in 1071, and then conquered most of the rest of Anatolia, wresting it from the Byzantine Empire. From their homelands near the Aral Sea, the Seljuks advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia, before eventually conquering Baghdad and eastern Anatolia. The Seljuk empire was founded in 1037 by Tughril (990–1063) and his brother Chaghri (989–1060). At the time of its greatest extent, the Seljuk Empire controlled a vast area, stretching from western Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central Asia in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south. The Great Seljuk Empire or the Seljuk Empire, was a high medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks.
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